‘Crash’ diets should be prescribed on the NHS because they have better results than other weight loss regimes, Oxford University professor claims

牛津大学教授称，国家卫生服务NHS（英国政府医院）应该采用速成节食法，因为这种方法比其他减肥方法效果更好

Those put on a rigorous 800-calorie-a-day programme lost three times more weight than those assigned normal diets, said Professor Susan Jebb
For years, crash diets have been criticised for being unscientific and counter-productive
Prof Jebb said fears of ‘yo-yo’ dieting were misplaced, as studies showed the more weight people shed to start with, the longer it took to put back on
Jebb教授说，一项重大的新试验得出的惊人结果表明，那些每天摄入800卡路里的严格计划的人体重下降的幅度是正常饮食的三倍。
多年来，速成饮食一直被批评为不科学和反效果。
但Jebb教授表示，人们对“优优”节食的担心是错误的，因为研究表明，在开始减肥时体重下降得越多，复胖的时间就拉得越长。

PUBLISHED: 23:07 GMT, 26 May 2018 | UPDATED: 19:33 GMT, 27 May 2018

Crash’ diets have better results than more common weight-loss regimes and should be prescribed on the NHS, according to an Oxford University obesity expert.

‘Phenomenal’ results from a major new trial show those put on a rigorous 800-calorie-a-day programme lost three times more weight than those assigned normal diets, said Professor Susan Jebb.

牛津大学肥胖专家称，速成饮食比更常见的减肥方法效果更好，应该被NHS英国政府医院采用。Jebb教授说，一项重大的新试验得出的惊人结果表明，那些每天摄入800卡路里的严格计划的人体重下降的幅度是正常饮食的三倍。

For years, crash diets have been criticised for being unscientific and counter-productive. The NHS advises they are ‘hard to follow’, adding: ‘Most people put the weight back on.’

多年来，速成饮食一直被批评为不科学和反效果。NHS说这种方法“很难跟上”，并补充道:“大多数人都都会复胖。

But Prof Jebb said fears of ‘yo-yo’ dieting were misplaced, as studies showed the more weight people shed to start with, the longer it took to put back on.

但Jebb教授表示，人们对“优优”节食的担心是错误的，因为研究表明，在开始减肥时体重下降得越多，复胖的时间就拉得越长。

‘Crash’ diets have better results than more common weight-loss regimes and should be prescribed on the NHS, according to an Oxford University obesity expert. ‘Phenomenal’ results from a major new trial show those put on a rigorous 800-calorie-a-day programme lost three times more weight than those assigned normal diets, said Professor Susan Jebb. (Picture posed by model)

牛津大学肥胖专家称，速成饮食比更常见的减肥方法效果更好，应该在NHS制度中采用。Jebb教授说，一项重大的新试验得出的惊人结果表明，那些每天摄入800卡路里的严格计划的人体重下降的幅度是正常饮食的三倍。

Her study of 278 obese patients in Oxfordshire found that those placed on a meal-replacement diet – where breakfast, lunch and dinner are swapped for nutritionally complete soups, shakes and meal bars – were 10kg (more than 1½st) lighter after one year.

她对牛津郡278名肥胖患者进行的研究发现，一年后，那些以膳食替代饮食（早餐、午餐和晚餐换成营养全面的汤、奶昔和餐吧)的患者体重减轻了10公斤。

By comparison, those given standard advice – to cut down on calories and eat healthily – were only 3kg lighter 12 months later.

相比之下，那些接受出标准建议的人——减少卡路里和健康饮食——12个月后体重只减轻了3公斤。

Prof Jebb, a dietitian and former Government obesity tsar, said: ‘By referring people to this programme, they lose 7kg more than they would have lost under what we usually offer them.

‘It’s phenomenal – extraordinary – and like nothing we’ve seen in primary care before.’

营养学家、前政府肥胖问题顾问Jebb教授说:“通过推荐人们参加这个项目，他们的体重比一般的方法减轻多出7公斤。这种情况是惊人的，非同寻常的，也是我们在主流医疗中从未见过的。

The top-line results of the study, nicknamed Droplet, have just been presented at the 25th European Congress on Obesity in Vienna.

这项名为Droplet的顶级研究结果刚刚在维也纳举行的第25届欧洲肥胖大会上公布。

Droplet used a commercial product called Cambridge Weight Plan, where dieters ditch all normal food for shakes, soups and meal bars formulated to make the dieter feel full.

Droplet使用了一种叫做剑桥体重计划( Cambridge Weight Plan )的商业产品，在这种产品中，节食者放弃了所有正常的食物，转而吃奶昔、汤和餐吧，这些都是为了让节食者感到饱足而配制的。

After two or three months, they slowly ‘wean’ themselves on to real foods. The approach has been road-tested on four volunteers in BBC documentary The Big Crash Diet Experiment, which airs on Wednesday.

两三个月后，他们慢慢地“戒掉”吃真正的食物。英国广播公司( BBC )周三播出的纪录片《大崩溃饮食实验》( Big Crash Diet expection )中，四名志愿者对这种方法进行了实验。

On average, each lost 17kg after nine weeks. That is a little more than the 14kg average. Prof Jebb saw in her study at that point: the typical pattern is to put weight back on in the following nine months.

他们平均每人在9周后体重下降了17公斤。这比Jebb教授在当时的研究中看到的平均体重14公斤要高一点:典型的模式是在接下来的9个月里恢复体重。

Among the volunteers was Catholic priest Paul Lomas, 64, who shed 22.4kg – more than 3½st – and saw his type 2 diabetes reversed.

在志愿参与者中，64岁的天主教牧师保罗·洛马斯减掉了22.4公斤体重，而他的2型糖尿病得到了逆转。

Prof Jebb said such results mirrored those of a similar study by Professor Roy Taylor, of Newcastle University, who looked at whether very low-calorie diets could reverse type 2 diabetes.

Jebb教授说，这些结果反映了纽卡斯尔大学罗伊泰勒教授的一项类似研究的结果。泰勒教授研究了低热量饮食是否能逆转2型糖尿病。

He found it could – with 45 per cent of participants diabetes-free after a year. Prof Jebb said: ‘If this was a drug, we’d have people screaming from the rooftops for it to be available on the NHS.’

他发现这种方法是可行的 - 45 %的参与者一年后糖尿病康复了。Jebb教授说:“如果这是一种药物，我们会让人们在屋顶尖叫，希望它能在NHS中使用。”。

Health economists have yet to run the rule over these diets to see if they are cost-effective enough for the NHS – and at about £700 for a six-month plan, they are not cheap.

健康经济学家尚未对这些饮食做成本计算，以确定它们对NHS是否足够经济高效——而在为期六个月的计划中，大约700英镑的饮食并不便宜。

But she said: ‘I am absolutely confident this is clinically effective. If this proves also to be cost-effective, then it should be provided on the NHS.’

但她说:“我绝对相信这在临床上是有效的。如果这也证明是符合成本效益的，则应由NHS提供。

Less radical diet programmes WeightWatchers and Slimming World, where people typically end the year 5kg lighter, had been found to be ‘screamingly cost-effective’ for the NHS, she noted, because they saved on long-term costs spent on diabetes drugs, knee replacements and hospital stays for heart disease.

她指出，比起不太激进的饮食计划如WeightWatchers 和Slimming World，人们通常只能够减轻5公斤；那么这速成饮食对于NHS来说就更具有“惊人的成本效益”，因为它们节省了糖尿病药物、膝盖置换和心脏病住院的长期费用。

Longer-term studies show that weight creeps back to pre-diet levels after ‘four or five years’ but she said even if this happened, ‘all is definitely not lost, because we know that even short periods of weight loss bring surprisingly big health benefits’.

长期研究表明，体重可能在“四、五年”后逐渐恢复到节食前的水平，但她说，即使发生了这种情况，“这肯定也不会损失，因为我们知道，即使是短时间的减肥也会给健康带来意想不到的巨大好处”。

This was because the health risks of obesity are ‘directly related both to how heavy you are, and how long you carry that extra weight around’.

这是因为肥胖的健康风险“直接关系到体重有多少，以及拥有额外体重的时间有多长”。

One in four adults is now obese, with diabetes estimated to cost the NHS £10 billion a year. Prof Jebb warned: ‘If we don’t tackle this, we will just see the burden on the NHS going up.’

现在在英国每四个成年人中就有一个是肥胖的，糖尿病估计每年要花费NHS100亿英镑。Jebb教授警告说:“如果我们不解决这个问题，我们只会看到NHS的负担逐渐加重。”

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中文翻译摘自：
https://www.xuehua.us/2018/05/27/%E7%89%9B%E6%B4%A5%E5%A4%A7%E5%AD%A6%E6%95%99%E6%8E%88%E7%A7%B0%EF%BC%8Cnhs%E5%BA%94%E8%AF%A5%E8%A7%84%E5%AE%9A%E9%80%9F%E6%88%90%E8%8A%82%E9%A3%9F%E6%B3%95%EF%BC%8C%E5%9B%A0%E4%B8%BA%E8%BF%99/